![]() This will include water soluble hormones and lipid soluble hormones, mechanism of action of hormones with. #Signal transduction seriesLater the most important signaling pathways and their mechanism of action will be discussed. Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly. This kind of signalling may take several minutes, whereas a photon that hits the cells in the retina of the eye has an immediate response. In this course first of all we will give a general introduction of hormones and there types and classification. Here, genes can be activated for reproductive functions, to respond to stress or to build up muscles. A pivotal step in Hh signal transduction is the activation of glioma-associated (GLI) transcription factors by the atypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) SMOOTHENED (SMO). There, they bind a specific receptor and the complex moves into the nucleus. Steroid hormones like cortisone, testosterone or progesterone are soluble in lipids and can, therefore, pass through the membrane into the interior of the cell without the need of an external receptor. The enzymatic activity, like phosporylation, initiates a signalling cascade by modifying or releasing secondary messenger molecules. This can expose an enzymatic domain or open an ion channel. Most of the receptors for a specific signal undergo a change in shape once a ligand binds. In either step, the signal can be amplified leading to different responses. ![]()
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